Microbial & Biochemical Technologies

Genetic engineering

Genetic engineering, additionally referred to as genetic modification, is the direct manipulation of an organism's genome using biotechnology. It's a group of technologies used to change the genetic makeup of cells, as well as the transfer of genes among and across species boundaries to provide improved or novel organisms. New deoxyribonucleic acid could also be inserted within the host genome by 1st isolating and copying the genetic material of interest using molecular cloning strategies to get a dna sequence, or by synthesizing the dna, then inserting this construct into the host organism. Genes could also be removed, or "knocked out", employing a nuclease. Gene targeting could be a totally different technique that uses homologous recombination to alter an endogenous gene, and may be used to delete a gene, remove exons, add a gene, or introduce point mutations.