Microbial & Biochemical Technologies

A bioprocess may be a specific method that uses complete living cells or their elements like bacterium, enzymes, chloroplasts to get desired product.

Transport of energy and mass is a key to several biological and environmental processes. Areas, from food process to thermal design of building to biomedical devices to pollution management and warming, require information of how energy and mass may be transported through materials like mass, momentum, heat transfer.

Microbial genetics  is a subject area of microbiology and genetic engineering. It studies the genetics of very small organisms like bacteria, archaea, viruses and some protozoa and fungi. This involves the study of the genotype of microbial species and also expression system in the form of phenotypes. Microbial genetics also has applications in being able to study processes and pathways that are similar to those found in the humans such as drug metabolism.

Microbial Biochemistry is the study of living things at molecular level has undergone tremendous growth in recent years, resulting in ever-increasing insights into topics as various because the origin of life, the nature of disease and also the development of individual organisms. Powerful new techniques, like those of molecular genetics and nmr spectroscopic analysis, change North American nation to analyse biological phenomena in more precise molecular terms. These studies have led to commercially valuable developments in drug design and synthesis, forensic science, environmental sensing and a full range of alternative areas.

Biophysics is a bridge between biology and physics. Molecular biophysics generally addresses biological queries similar to those in biochemistry and molecular biology, however additional quantitatively, seeking to find the physical base of bimolecular phenomena. Scientists in this field conduct research involved with understanding the interactions between the varied systems of a cell, together with the interactions between DNA, RNA and protein biosynthesis, as well as how these interactions are regulated. a great variety of techniques are used to answer these queries.

A virus is an infectious, parasitic agent which will solely replicate within different host cells. All viruses have a genome and a capsid. Virology has emerged even more clearly as a significant approach to the study of the physiology and genetics of the synthesis of specific proteins and nucleic acids. Viruses are exploited as tools within the dissection of those important biochemical issues.        

Metabolism is the arrangement of life-managing biochemical changes inside the cells of organism. The three principle functions for metabolism are the transformation of fuel to energy to drive cell processes, the transformation of fuel to building blocks for lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and a few starches, and the disposal of nitrogenous wastes. Enzymology is the investigation of biocatalyst, their kinetics, structure, and capacity, and their connection to each other. Enzymes are extremely productive impetuses for biochemical reaction. They accelerate reaction by lowering activation energy. Enzyme assays are used to efficiently study the activity of enzymes. Enzyme activity is a measure of amount of biocatalyst used in a chemical reaction.

Bio analysis is a sub-division of analytical chemistry covering the quantitative activity of xenobiotic and biotics such as macromolecules, proteins, DNA, large molecule drugs, metabolites in biological systems. Reliable information obtained from selective, sensitive and consistent analysis of xenobiotics and biotics in biological samples could be a basic an important a part of each successful drug development program. identical principles can even be applied to several alternative areas of research like forensic science, toxicology and sports doping testing.      

Molecular genetics is the main field of biology and genetics that studies the structure and function of genes at a molecular level. The study of chromosomes and gene expression of an organism will offer insight into heredity, genetic variation, and mutations. This can be helpful within the study of developmental biology and in understanding and treating genetic diseases. Molecular genetics depends heavily on genetic engineering, which can be used in modifying organisms by adding foreign DNA, thereby forming transgenic organisms.

Molecular biology concerns the molecular support of biological activity between biomolecules within the varied systems of a cell, together with the interactions between DNA, RNA and proteins and their biosynthesis, additionally as the regulation of those interactions. Molecular Biology mainly deals with the structure and function of the macromolecules. The central dogma of molecular biology where genetic material is transcribed into RNA and then translated into protein, despite being an oversimplified and clear picture of molecular biology, still provides a good starting point for understanding the field.

Chromatography is the aggregate term for techniques for the separation of components within a mixture. The mixture is mixed in a liquid known as the mobile phase, which brings it through a structure holding another material called the stationary phase. The different components move with different velocities, making them independent. Immunological procedures incorporate both trial strategies to think about the insusceptible framework and techniques to produce or utilize immunological reagents as test apparatuses. The most widely recognized immunological techniques identify with the creation and utilization of antibodies to distinguish particular proteins in organic samples. 

A biomolecule is any molecule that’s present in living organisms, as well as large macromolecules like proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, in addition as small molecules like primary metabolites, secondary metabolites, and natural products. An additional general name for this category of material is biological materials. Biomolecules are sometimes endogenous however may additionally be exogenous. This is a molecule that is involved in the maintenance and metabolic processes of living organisms. All forms of life are composed of biomolecules only.

Bioinformatics has become a vital a part of several areas of biology. In experimental molecular biology, bioinformatics techniques like image and signal processing allows to get helpful results from massive amounts of raw data. Within the field of genetics and genomics, it aids in sequencing and annotating genomes and their determined mutations. It plays a role within the text mining of biological literature and also the development of biological and gene ontologies to prepare and question biological information. It also plays a role within the analysis of gene and protein expression and regulation. Bioinformatics tools aid within the comparison of genetic and genomic information and additional generally within the understanding of evolutionary aspects of molecular biology. At an additional integrative level, it helps analyze and catalogue the biological pathways and networks that are a vital part of systems biology. In structural biology, it helps in the simulation and modeling of dna, RNA, proteins as well as bio-molecular interactions.

Genetic engineering, additionally referred to as genetic modification, is the direct manipulation of an organism's genome using biotechnology. It's a group of technologies used to change the genetic makeup of cells, as well as the transfer of genes among and across species boundaries to provide improved or novel organisms. New deoxyribonucleic acid could also be inserted within the host genome by 1st isolating and copying the genetic material of interest using molecular cloning strategies to get a dna sequence, or by synthesizing the dna, then inserting this construct into the host organism. Genes could also be removed, or "knocked out", employing a nuclease. Gene targeting could be a totally different technique that uses homologous recombination to alter an endogenous gene, and may be used to delete a gene, remove exons, add a gene, or introduce point mutations.

Biochemistry is one of only a handful couple of essential sciences where plant and animal kingdoms meet. In veterinary research, biochemistry is very much related to the metabolism of animals in disease and health, and structures the premise for a canny comprehension of major applications and aspects of veterinary science. Plant biochemistry is connected with molecular biology, for example, macromolecules and metabolism processes in plants, Biomolecules, amino acids, carbohydrates and lipids. Plant metabolism system incorporates the complex reactions of physical and chemical stages of photosynthesis, respiration, and the processing of natural bio products. 

Innovative applications that make use organisms or their subsidiaries to make or alter particular items are utilized in microbial biotechnology. Microorganisms whether genetically modified or cultured are basically the base of microbial biotechnology. Investigation and control of microbial potential has enriched the glorious development in Industrial and Biochemical Techniques. The microbial biotechnology covers exercises, extending from generation of recombinant human hormones to that of insecticides, from mineral filtering to bioremediation of dangerous and toxic waste.

Bioengineering is that the biological or medical application of engineering principles or equipment additionally referred to as biomedical engineering. Industrial bio-engineering extends from the creation of artificial organs by technical ways or finds ways of growing organs and tissues through the ways of regenerative medication to compensate reduced or lost physiological functions and to develop genetically modified organisms.